What is the difference between flocculants PAC and PAM
Release time: 2025-07-23
⚗ I. Summary of essential differences
The dimension of comparison | PAC (polyaluminum chloride) | PAM (polyacrylamide) |
chemical property | Inorganic polymer coagulant | Organic polymer flocculant |
Appearance | Yellow/yellowish brown powder (the darker the color, the higher the iron content) | White powder or emulsion |
Core mechanism | Electrical neutralization + coil net capture (to remove the instability of small particles) | Bridge adsorption + charge neutralization (long chain connected flocs) |
Typical usage | 200-300 mg/L (large dosage) | 3-10 mg/L (extremely low dosage) |
Residual risk | Residual aluminum ions (use with caution in drinking water) | Acrylamide monomer toxicity (food grade required) |
�� II. Key features and application scenarios
PAC applicable scene
- High turbidity wastewater: sand washing, printing and dyeing, papermaking wastewater
- Phosphorus removal enhancement: better effect when combined with iron salt
- Coagulant: rapidly destroy the stability of colloid and form initial flocs
PAM applicable scene
- Sludge dewatering: Cationic type enhances sludge coagulation
- Fine sedimentation: anionic treatment of low turbidity wastewater
- Flocculation enlargement: small floccules generated by PAC are connected to form large flocculants
�� Combined advantages:
PAC (stabilizing colloid) is added first, and then PAM (amplifying flocculation) is added after 1-2 minutes, and the sedimentation efficiency is increased by more than 50%.
III. Key points and precautions
Dissolution configuration
- PAC: Directly prepared into a 10-20% solution and dissolved by rapid stirring
- PAM: it needs to be diluted into 0.1-0.3% solution, and the dissolution time is 40-50 minutes for slow addition to prevent agglomeration
Order of injection
Do not reverse the order: PAC first and PAM second, with an interval of at least 1 minute to ensure full reaction
risk aversion
- PAM solution should be stored away from iron and light (iron ion catalytic degradation)
- PAC (risk of aluminum residue) should be used with caution in drinking water treatment, and food grade PAM should be used instead
�� IV. Selection and economic suggestions
Demand scenario | Recommended medication | account |
High turbidity wastewater/ phosphorus removal | PAC give first place to | The unit price is low (thousand yuan/ton), but the amount is large |
sludge dewatering | cation PAM | Although the unit price is high (≥ 4000 yuan/ton), the amount is only 1/30 of PAC |
Hard to settle wastewater | PAC+PAM combination | The cost was reduced by 30% and the density of flocs was increased by 2 times |
❗ keynotes
The actual dosage should be determined by small test in beaker, because excessive dosage will lead to re-dispersion of flocs.
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